The propellant in electric thrusters charged particles can be accelerated to velocities up to twenty times larger than those of chemical thrusters. Jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca 91109 spokes are azimuthally propagating perturbations in the plasma discharge of hall effect thrusters hets that travel in the e. The cylindrical thruster is optimized for low power applications, such as for cubesats, and i havent seen a high power design, so we arent going. The p5 was developed by pepl and the air force research laboratory to serve as a testbed for new diagnostics and for investigating hall thruster processes. Ion and hall thrusters march 2008 the research described in this publication was carried out at the jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, under a contract with the national aeronautics and space administration. It was discovered by edwin hall in 1879 a hall effect can also occur across a void or hole in a semiconductor or metal plate, when current is injected via contacts that. Parametric studies of the hall thruster at soreq international. But fortuitous events led me to do a dissertation on the h6 and become a hall thruster guy, and i couldnt be more pleased with the results. Lowercost alternatives for xenonpropelled ion and hall effect thrusters are discussed. Busek has developed numerous hall thrusters, each of. The first flight took place in 1972, and the first western. Olcmen subhadra gupta a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in the department of aerospace engineering.
The cathode in an het is a plasma source which pro vides free electrons which serv e tw o purposes. Introductionw hile annular hall thrusters can operate at high efficiency at kw power levels, it is difficult to construct one that operates over a broad envelope from. Iodine hall thruster propellant feed system for a cubesat the components required for an inspace iodine vaporfed hall effect thruster propellant management system are described. Schinder in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the daniel guggenheim school of aerospace engineering georgia institute of technology august 2016. Modeling of spt100 stationary plasma thruster hall. Examination of halbach permanent magnet arrays in miniature. This is a discussion of a design procedure for the hall effect thruster by professor ghoniem and two of his students. Ipplm hall effect thruster electric rocket propulsion society.
A nominal 600watt hall effect thruster was developed to propel unmanned space vehicles. A study on hall effect thruster exhaust plume simulation diva. With xenon, peak measured thruster efficiency is 4648% at 600w, with specific impulse from 1400 s to 1700 s. Depicted in figure 2, the p5 has an outer diameter of 173 mm, a channel width of 25 mm, and a. There are a number of types of hall effect thruster, with the most common being the thruster with anode layer tal, the stationary plasma thruster spt, and the cylindrical hall thruster cht. A steerablethrust hall effect thruster in which a final stage of a magnetic circuit includes an inner pole and a facing outer pole, the inner pole being offset axially downstream relative to the outer pole, so that a magnetic field is inclined relative to a transverse plane of the thruster. The x3 ion thruster is designed based on the hall effect. At constant power, hall thrusters generally have lower specific impulse, efficiency, and total impulse capability lifetime than ion thrusters, but have higher thrustpower ratios. The geometry of the spt100 with of all major components including the gas channel, anode, mag netic circuit and coils for the generation of the magnetic. Thruster performance was determined using thruster efficiency curves as a function of delivered isp generated using the general approach presented by auweterkurtz in 2003. Jun 25, 2012 the hall effect motion is affected by the particle mass, thus electrons are greatly affected while ions are not.
Investigation of hall effect thruster channel wall erosion. Electric propulsion electric propulsion makes use of electrical power to accelerate a propellant. The georgia institute of technology comprehensive training hall effect thrusters course is an intense immersion into the physics, operation, plasma diagnostics, and vacuum facilities required to operate hall effect thrusters hets. Of course things do not always go according to plan as i had no intention of doing hall thruster research as i focused on elf. Hall thrusters are electrostatic ion accelerators in which the grid system which serves in. Analysis of experimental data the model is based on in the course of experimental research of characteristics and stationary plasma thruster spt parameters, one of the goals was to find. Active, expires 202402 application number us10726,398 other versions. First and foremost i want to acknowledge my advisor and mentor, alec. These thruster efficiency curves were anchored to engine test data for gridded ion and hall effect thrusters utilizing xenon, bismuth, and krypton. The ingested flow rates computed by the model are shown to.
Introductionelectric propulsion and hall effect thrusters hets 1. Pdf in order to produce the transverse magnetic field needed for the operational process of a hall effect thruster. This program provides the participant with 2 days of private. Pseudo linear hall effect thruster characterization through. A laboratory apparatus was assembled and used to produce iodine vapor and control the flow through the application of heating to the propellant reservoir and through the adjustment of the opening in a proportional. Benefits of using hall thrusters for a mars sample return. The division of fluid dynamics of the american physical society, established in 1947, exists for the advancement and diffusion of knowledge of the physics of fluids with special emphasis on the dynamical theories of the liquid, plastic and gaseous states of matter under all conditions of temperature and pressure. Walker, advisor school of aerospace engineering georgia institute of technology dr.
Pseudo linear hall effect thruster characterization. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight. Although the discharge cavity is conventionally circular, pseudolinear or racetrack shaped cavities have been developed. Nonclassical electron transport in hall effect thrusters.
Depicted in figure 2, the p5 has an outer diameter of 173 mm, a channel width of 25 mm, and a channel depth of 38 mm. A novel numerical analysis of hall effect thruster and its application in simultaneous design of thruster and optimal lowthrust trajectory approved by. S08 design and testing of 1 kw hall thruster denning. But power consumption level of these thrusters is in 0. The orbion aurora is a fully integrated hall effect propulsion system, comprised of a magnetically shielded thruster for ultralong life and high total impulse, power processing unit, propellant management assembly, harness assembly, and storage tank. Hall effect thrusters electric rocket propulsion society. Sekerak a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy aerospace engineering in the university of michigan 2014 doctoral committee. First western use of hall thrusters space systems loral 2011. Thruster spt type hall effect thruster exhaust plumes are presented.
Hall effect thrusters are superior to combustion, electrospray, or pulsed plasma propulsion options for cubesat and small satellite applications. Hall effect thrusters provide superior total impulse performance to combustion, electrospray, or pulsed plasma propulsion options for cubesat and small satellite applications. Busek is a leader in hall thruster development, culminating in the flight of the first usbased hall thruster on tacsat2 and recent launch of falconsat5. This does not mean that electrons and protons are free. The bht200 is the first usdesigned and usbuilt hall effect thruster used inspace on operational satellites, and is subject of numerous technical papers and journal publications. On the other hand it is well known that strong tendencies of spacecraft miniaturizing and respectively installed power decreasing are occurred. Mavris advisor committee chair, professor school of aerospace engineering director of aerospace systems design laboratory georgia institute of technology dr. Hall thrusters have been identified as the best approach to building better ion drives because of their longer lasting characteristic, as opposed to other plasma based ion thrusters. In the het, atoms are ionized and accelerated by an electric field. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service. As a result, the plume model 9 was believed to be easily adaptable for use in describing 0 the number density in a hall effect thrusters plume. Azimuthal spoke propagation in hall effect thrusters. Halosdemonstrated thrust range of 4 to 33 mn decreases total transfer time over ion engine. Designing an accessible hall effect thruster semantic scholar.
American manufactured hall thrusters flown aerojetbpt4000. A laboratory apparatus was assembled and used to produce iodine vapor and control the flow through the application of heating to the propellant reservoir and through. Walker georgia institute of technology, atlanta, georgia 30332 doi. The bht200 hall effect thruster is buseks flagship commercial product and is the most extensively studied us hall effect thruster. The hall effect is the production of a voltage difference the hall voltage across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. The numerical simulation of a high power hall effect thruster.
This work adopted hightemperature seedfree xenon plasma. Traditional magnet field thruster with an goal of developing a hall effect thruster system in house for uas cubesat program, a low power micro hall effect thruster was designed and constructed based on the busek co. Computational studies on the feasibility of airbreathing hall effect thrusters were conducted to estimate the thrust performance and requirements for the thruster system for realmission scenarios. Mission comparison of hall effect and gridded ion thrusters.
Nov 25, 2020 first of all, there are multiple types of ion thruster designs. Pdf propellant alternatives for ion and hall effect. Physics, simulation and diagnostics of hall effect thrusters. The mechanisms for spoke formation are unknown, but their presence has been associated with improved thruster performance. A halleffect thruster het is a relatively low power device that is used to propel some spacecraft, after it gets into orbit or farther out into space. S08 design and testing of 1 kw hall thruster denning presentation. Feb 18, 2020 modeling of spt100 stationary plasma thruster hall effect thruster figure 3. If a derating approach is taken, hall thruster lifetime can approach or exceed that of an ion thruster. Halo has demonstrated a 6x higher efficiency than traditional combustion engines can achieve, at half the mass and onethird the volume of its closest competitor.
Different from the general hall effect thruster, the magnetic flux in this study is uniform and. In spacecraft propulsion, a halleffect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Rimoli, advisor school of aerospace engineering georgia institute of technology dr. Teplophizika ion dynamics in hall effect and ion thrusters.
Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Due to difficulties achieving the same levels of efficiency reached by the gridded ion engine, work ceased in the united states around 1970. Investigation of hall effect thruster channel wall erosion mechanisms approved by. Performance of a permanentmagnet cylindrical hall effect thruster e. Background flow model of hall thruster neutral ingestion. High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space. Most interestingly, an intricate new phenomenon revealed by the probe measurements is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which appears on the anode surface during the course of hall thruster operation. Hall thruster spt100 initial work on halleffect thrusters began in the 1960s in the united states and the former soviet union. Benefits of using hall thrusters for a mars sample return mission. Both xenon and iodine compatible versions were demonstrated.
Designing an accessible hall effect thruster semantic. Effect of anode temperature on hall thruster performance carl f. The dependence of the sign and magnitude of the anode. Even though hall thrusters have decades of flight heritage, there are still many plasma behavioral characteristics. Plasma oscillations and operational modes in hall effect. Characterizing vacuum facility backpressure effects on the. Keywords hall thruster particleincell plasma sheath secondary. Pdf nasas hall thruster program has base research and focused development. Design and performance analysis study of a hall effect thruster. Clustering of hall effect thrusters for highpower electric propulsion applications by brian eric beal a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy aerospace engineering at the university of michigan 2004 doctoral committee. This enables a broader spectrum of missions and greater satellite lifetime.
Modeling of spt100 stationary plasma thruster hall effect. A hall thruster is currently one of the most advanced and efficient types of. Latest progress in hall thrusters plasma modelling archive ouverte. Both the halleffect thruster and the gridded ion engine are classified as. A hall effect thruster for propelling spacecraft and satellites includes at least two acceleration channels, each of the channels has a closed end and an open end, and a plurality of flux guides adjacent each of the channels.
Halleffect thruster mtu aerospace michigan technological. Ion engines can deliver the greatest payload due to their higher specific. The plurality of flux guides includes an innermost flux guide, an outermost flux guide, and at least one intermediate flux guide. Evolution of the thruster channel due to ion erosion was predicted through numerical. Hall effect thrusters hall thrusters generate thrust by creating and accelerating ionized gas via magnetic and electrostatic fields. An analytical model of the facility background flow environment is developed to accommodate facilities with different geometries and pumpplacements, as well as compute the ingestedflow rateof background neutrals into a given hall effect thruster. Design and testing of 1 kw hall thruster hall thruster operation electrons trapped by induced magnetic field hall effect electronpropellant collisions cause ionization propellant ions accelerate out of thruster ions are then neutralized denning 3 courtesy of. Investigation of hall effect thruster channel wall erosion mechanisms a dissertation presented to the academic faculty by aaron m. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.
Pdf performance of a permanentmagnet cylindrical hall. Jul 21, 2020 university of michigan plasmadynamics and electric propulsion laboratory hall effect thruster 6kw thruster at jpl 1970s. Hall effect thruster characterization through potential. Hall effect thruster, magnetic field, plasma, magnetic saturation, magnetic coils, magnetic. Propellant alternatives for ion and hall effect thrusters. Hall thrusters hall thrusters are one of the most common type of electric thrusters. Mean free path of ionization i h hall current, amps torr 3. Pdf magnetic system configuration for a hall effect thruster. This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the student graduate works at. Effect of anode temperature on hall thruster performance. Especially hall effect thruster het give a good account of oneself and it is developed a lot of het models with good performances.
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